When Was The Us Customs Service Established

U.S. Federal Regime agency from 1789 until reorganization in 2003

Us Customs Service
Agency overview

Formed	July 31, 1789; 232 years ago (1789-07-31) (1 Stat. 29)
Superseding agency	U.S. Community and Edge Protection & U.Due south. Clearing and Customs Enforcement
Jurisdiction	Federal regime of the United States
Headquarters	Washington, D.C., U.S.
Parent bureau	United states Department of the Treasury
Website	U.S. Community Service at the Wayback Machine (archived March 2, 2000)

The United states of america Customs Service was an bureau of the U.S. federal government that collected import tariffs and performed other selected border security duties.

In March 2003, as a result of the homeland security reorganization, the U.S. Customs Service was renamed the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection,^[1] and most of its components were merged with the border elements of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, including the unabridged U.Due south. Edge Patrol and former INS inspectors, together with border agronomics inspectors, to course U.Southward. Customs and Edge Protection, a single, unified border agency for the U.South. The investigative office of U.South. Customs was divide off and merged with the INS investigative office and the INS interior detention and removal office to course Immigration and Customs Enforcement, which, among other things, is responsible for interior immigration enforcement. The United States Customs Service had three major missions: collecting tariff revenue, protecting the U.S. economy from smuggling and illegal appurtenances, and processing people and goods at ports of entry.

History [edit]

Responding to the urgent need for revenue post-obit the American Revolutionary State of war, the First United States Congress passed and President George Washington signed the Tariff Act of July 4, 1789, which authorized the collection of duties on imported goods. 4 weeks afterwards, on July 31, the fifth deed of Congress established the Usa Customs Service and its ports of entry.

As part of this new regime agency, a new part was created for government officials which was known as "Customs Collector". In this role, one person would have responsibility to supervise the collection of custom duties in a particular urban center or region, such as the Collector of the Port of New York.

For over 100 years after information technology was founded, the U.Southward. Community Service was the primary source of funds for the unabridged government, paying for the country's early growth and infrastructure. Purchases include the Louisiana and Oregon territories; Florida and Alaska; funding the National Road and the Transcontinental Railroad; building many of the nation'due south lighthouses; the U.S. Military machine and Naval academies, and Washington, D.C.

The U.Due south. Customs Service employed a number of federal law enforcement officers throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. Customs Special Agents investigated smuggling and other violations of customs, narcotics and acquirement laws. Customs Inspectors were uniformed officers at airports, seaports and land border ports of entry who inspected people and vehicles inbound the U.S. for contraband and dutiable merchandise. Customs Patrol Officers conducted uniformed and plainclothes patrol of the borders on state, sea and air to deter smuggling and auscultate smugglers.

In the 20th century, equally international trade and travel increased dramatically, the Customs Service transitioned from an administrative bureau to a federal law enforcement bureau. Inspectors however inspected appurtenances and took customs declarations from travelers at ports of entry, but Community Special Agents used mod law methods—often in concert with allied agencies, such every bit the Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Postal Inspection Service, U.Southward. Immigration and Naturalization Service and U.South. Border Patrol—to investigate cases often far from international airports, bridges and land crossings. The original Globe Trade Center complex, particularly Edifice 6, housed offices of the U.S. Community Service.^[2] ^{[ round reference ]}

With the passage of the Homeland Security Act, the U.S. Customs Service passed from nether the jurisdiction of the Treasury Section to nether the jurisdiction of the Section of Homeland Security.

On March 1, 2003, parts of the U.S. Community Service combined with the Inspections Program of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine of the USDA and the Edge Patrol of the Immigration and Naturalization Service to course U.S. Customs and Border Protection. The Federal Protective Service, along with the investigative artillery of the U.S. Customs Service and the Immigration and Naturalization Service, combined to form U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.

Examples of illegal items [edit]

^{[ clarification needed ]}

Child pornography
Counterfeit trade (i.due east. cellphones, perfume and other consumer products)
Textiles over allowable limits
Illegally imported Motor Vehicles
Items violating intellectual property rights
Illegal drugs
Stolen property
Tobacco products over allowable limits
Undeclared firearms and weapons
Undeclared liquor over allowable limits
Unreported money or monetary instruments over $ten,000
Unscreened fruits and meats

Flag [edit]

Flag of the United States Customs Service, at present the CBP Ensign.

The flag of the Community Service was designed in 1799 by Secretary of the Treasury Oliver Wolcott Jr. and consists of 16 vertical red and white stripes with a coat of arms depicted in bluish on the white canton. The original design had the Community Service seal that was an eagle with three arrows in his left talon, an olive branch in his right and surrounded by an arc of xiii stars. In 1951, this was changed to the eagle depicted on the Swell Seal of the United States.

Its actual name is the Revenue Ensign, as it was flown past ships of the Acquirement Cutter Service, later the Coast Baby-sit, and at community houses.

In 1910, President William Howard Taft issued an club to add an emblem to the flag flown by ships from the 1 flown on state at community houses. The version with the bluecoat continues to be flown by Coast Guard vessels. Until 2003, the land version was flown at all Us ports of entry.^[iii] The renamed CBP Ensign is currently flown at CBP'southward headquarters in Washington, D.C., at its Field Offices, overseas duty locations including preclearance ports, and at all country, air, and body of water ports of entry.

Commissioners [edit]

Beginning in 1927, the Customs Service was headed by an appointed commissioner. Prior to 1927, customs collection was overseen by the director of the Treasury Department'due south customs segmentation. Commissioners of Community included:

Commissioner	Term	Administration
Ernest W. Campsite	1927–1929	Coolidge
Francis Xavier A. Eble	1929–1933	Hoover
James Moyle	1933–1939	Roosevelt
Basil Harris	1939–1940	Roosevelt
William Roy Johnson	1940–1947	Roosevelt, Truman
Frank Dow (interim)	1947–1949	Truman
Frank Dow	1949–1953	Truman
Ralph Kelly	1954–1961	Eisenhower
Philip Nichols Jr.	1961–1964	Kennedy, Johnson
Lester D. Johnson	1965–1969	Johnson
Myles Ambrose	1969–1972	Nixon
Vernon D. Acree	1972–1977	Nixon, Ford
Robert E. Chasen	1977 – Dec 1980	Carter
William T. Archey (acting)	December 1980 – October 1981	Reagan
William von Raab	October 1981 – July 31, 1989	Reagan, G.H.Westward.Bush
Michael H. Lane (interim)	August 1, 1989 – November ii, 1989	G.H.W.Bush
Ballad Boyd Hallett	November 3, 1989 – January 18, 1993	G.H.West.Bush
Michael H. Lane (interim)	January 19, 1993 – May 12, 1993	K.H.W.Bush, Clinton
George J. Weise	May 13, 1993 – Apr xviii, 1997	Clinton
Samuel H. Banks (acting)	April 19, 1997 – July 30, 1998	Clinton
Raymond Kelly	July 31, 1998 – January 19, 2001	Clinton
Charles Westward. Winwood (acting)	January 20, 2001 – September 9, 2001	1000.W.Bush-league
Robert C. Bonner	September 10, 2001 – March 1, 2003^[iv]	G.W.Bush

References [edit]

^ "6 USC 542 Reorganization Program". Government Publishing Office. Jan 17, 2018. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
^ Half dozen World Trade Center
^ "U.Due south. Coast Baby-sit Flags". United States Coast Guard. October 21, 2010. Retrieved January 21, 2011.
^ When the U.Due south. Customs Service was merged into the U.S. Customs and Border Protection on March 1, 2003, Robert C. Bonner became commissioner of the newly formed service and connected in that role until 2006.

External links [edit]

U.s. Community Service (Annal)
Usa Customs & Border Protection
Proposed and finalized federal regulations from the United States Customs Service